低温储罐是用于存放液态氧、氮、氩、二氧化碳等介质的立式或卧式双层真空 热储槽。内胆选用材料为奥氏体不锈钢；外容器材料根据用户地区不同，按 规定选用为Q235-B、Q245R或345R，内、外容器夹层充填 热材料珠光砂或铝箔、保温棉并抽真空。 基础形式： 低温储罐本身的设计定义并无统一的标准。根据不同的工艺要求和介质储存方式，将低温罐定义为单容器罐、双容器罐和全容器罐等三种罐体形式。单容器罐一般是有一个钢制内罐加上保温外壳组成，而双容器罐和全容器罐则是由一个钢制内罐和一个钢制或采用混凝土(一般为预应力混凝土)制成的外罐组成，保温设在内外罐壁之间，目前较多采用的是双容罐形式。 在进行低温罐设计时，由于罐内低温介质的传导作用，使得地基土较易产生冻涨并使土体隆起，进而造成基础破坏，因此为消除这一不利因素，除了在罐底板与基础底板表面之间设置保温措施外，还需对罐基础采取防冻措施，通常的做法有两种，一是在基础底板内采用电或其他加热系统，即做成带有循环加热系统的筏板式基础，另一种是采用将基础底板架空，通过架空形成的空气层将基础底板与地基土分隔开。前者因加热系统成本较高，一般不常采用。在国内引进建造的大多数低温罐中，普遍采用了架空筏板式基础形式。架空层的净高，一般除根据工艺管道和设备布置要求确定外，尚需根据罐内储存介质温度的高低进行一定的温度传导计算后来确定。架空筏板式基础又可分为单筏板(承台)和双筏板(承台)架空两种形式，在地质条件较好的情况下，一般可采用双筏板基础形式；但由于低温储罐对基础沉降的要求相对较高，在大多数情况下，特别时地质条件较差的软土地基上，则多采用单筏板(承台)桩基，有时也有采用双筏板(承台)桩基。
Low temperature storage tank is used to store liquid oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and other media of vertical or horizontal double-layer vacuum thermal storage tank. The inner container is made of austenitic stainless steel; the outer container is made of Q235-B, Q245R or 345r according to the regulations according to the user's region. The inner and outer containers are filled with pearlite or aluminum foil, insulation cotton and vacuumized. Foundation form: there is no uniform standard for the design definition of cryogenic storage tank itself. According to the different process requirements and medium storage methods, the cryogenic tank is defined as three tank forms: single vessel tank, double vessel tank and full container tank. The single container tank is generally composed of a steel inner tank and an insulation shell, while the double container tank and the whole container tank are composed of a steel inner tank and an outer tank made of steel or concrete (generally prestressed concrete). The thermal insulation is set between the inner and outer tank walls. At present, the double tank is widely used. In the design of low-temperature tank, because of the conduction of low-temperature medium in the tank, the foundation soil is easy to freeze up and make the soil heave, thus causing foundation damage. Therefore, in order to eliminate this unfavorable factor, in addition to setting thermal insulation measures between the tank bottom plate and the foundation bottom plate surface, it is also necessary to take anti freezing measures for the tank foundation Electric or other heating system is adopted, that is, raft foundation with circulating heating system is made. The other is to use the foundation slab overhead, and the foundation slab is separated from the foundation soil by the air layer formed by overhead. The former is not often used because of the high cost of heating system. In most of the low-temperature tanks imported and constructed in China, the overhead raft foundation is widely used. Generally, the net height of overhead layer shall be determined according to the requirements of process pipeline and equipment layout, and certain temperature conduction calculation shall be conducted according to the temperature of storage medium in the tank. The elevated raft foundation can be divided into single raft (bearing platform) and double raft (bearing platform) overhead two forms. In the case of good geological conditions, the double raft foundation can be generally adopted; however, due to the low temperature storage tank's requirements for foundation settlement are the same for high, in most cases, especially on the soft soil foundation with poor geological conditions, single raft (pile cap) pile foundation is often used, and sometimes double raft (pile cap) pile foundation is also used.
